"Kusina-mutsara kunoreva kuti zvakaoma kugadzirisa," Arthur Mattuck, nyanzvi yemasvomhu paMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), akambotaura.Asi iyo inofanirwa kutariswa kana isiri-linearity inoshandiswa kune mitoro yemagetsi, nekuti inoburitsa harmonic currents uye inokanganisa zvakashata kugovera kwemagetsi-uye inodhura.Pano, Marek Lukaszczyk, European uye Middle East Marketing Maneja weWEG, mugadziri wepasi rose uye mutengesi wemota uye dhiraivha tekinoroji, anotsanangura maitiro ekudzikamisa maharmonics mune inverter application.
Marambi eFluorescent, magetsi ekuchinja, magetsi arc furnaces, rectifiers uye frequency converters.Yese iyi mienzaniso yemidziyo ine isina-mutsara mitoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti mudziyo unotora voltage uye ikozvino muchimiro chekamwe kamwe pfupi pulses.Izvo zvakasiyana nemidziyo ine mitsetse mitsetse—yakadai semotor, maheater emuchadenga, matransforma ane simba, uye magirobhu eincandescent.Kune mitsetse mitsetse, hukama pakati pevoltage neazvino waveforms is sinusoidal, uye iripo panguva chero ipi zvayo inoenzanirana nevoltage-inotaridzwa nemutemo waOhm.
Rimwe dambudziko nezvose zvisiri-mutsara mitoro ndeyekuti ivo vanogadzira harmonic currents.Harmonics zvinhu zve frequency izvo zvinowanzo kwira kupfuura iyo yakakosha frequency yemagetsi, pakati pe50 kana 60 Hertz (Hz), uye inowedzerwa kune yakakosha ikozvino.Aya mamwe mafungu anozokonzera kukanganisa kweiyo system voltage waveform uye kuderedza simba rayo.
Harmonic currents inoyerera mugadziriro yemagetsi inogona kuburitsa zvimwe zvisingadiwe, senge voltage distortion panzvimbo dzekubatanidza pamwe nemimwe mitoro, uye kupisa kwetambo.Muzviitiko izvi, iyo yakazara harmonic distortion (THD) kuyerwa kunogona kutiudza kuti yakawanda sei yevoltage kana yazvino kukanganisa kunokonzerwa neharmonics.
Muchikamu chino, isu tichadzidza maitiro ekudzikisa maharmonics mune inverter application zvichibva pane indasitiri kurudziro yekutarisisa uye kududzirwa kwezviitiko zvinokonzeresa matambudziko emhando yesimba.
Iyo UK inoshandisa iyo Injiniya Recommendation (EREC) G5 yeEnergy Network Association (ENA) setsika yakanaka yekugadzirisa harmonic voltage distortion mumatapurirana masisitimu uye masevhisi ekuparadzira.MuEuropean Union, kurudziro idzi dzinowanzo kuve dziri mumagetsi ekuenderana (EMC) mirairo, iyo inosanganisira akasiyana International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) zviyero, seIEC 60050. IEEE 519 inowanzo chiyero cheNorth America, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti IEEE 519 inotarisisa masisitimu ekugovera kwete midziyo yega.
Kamwe mazinga eharmonic akatemerwa nekuenzanisa kana kuyerwa, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekudzidzikisa kuti dzichengete mukati memiganhu inogamuchirwa.Asi ndeipi muganhu unogamuchirwa?
Sezvo zvisingagoneke mune zvehupfumi kana zvisingagoneke kubvisa ese harmonics, kune maviri EMC epasirese mwero anodzikamisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi nekutsanangura kukosha kukuru kweiyo harmonic ikozvino.Ndiwo IEC 61000-3-2 yakajairwa, inokodzera midziyo ine yakayerwa ikozvino kusvika ku16 A (A) uye ≤ 75 A pachikamu, uye IEC 61000-3-12 yakajairwa, yakakodzera kumidziyo iri pamusoro pe16 A.
Muganhu wevoltage harmonics unofanirwa kuve wekuchengeta THD (V) yepoindi ye common coupling (PCC) pa ≤ 5%.PCC ndiyo poindi iyo maconductor emagetsi emagetsi ekugovera sisitimu akabatanidzwa kune vatengi conductor uye chero simba rekufambisa pakati pemutengi nemagetsi ekugovera sisitimu.
Kurudziro ye ≤ 5% yakashandiswa sechinongodiwa chete kune akawanda maapplication.Ichi ndicho chikonzero muzviitiko zvakawanda, kungoshandisa inverter ine 6-pulse rectifier uye yekuisa reactance kana yakananga ikozvino (DC) yekubatanidza inductor inokwana kusangana neyakakura voltage distortion kurudziro.Ehe, zvichienzaniswa ne6-pulse inverter isina inductor mune chinongedzo, uchishandisa inverter ine DC link inductor (yakadai seWEG's own CFW11, CFW700, uye CFW500) inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya harmonic mwaranzi.
Zvikasadaro, kune akati wandei mamwe sarudzo dzekudzikisa system harmonics mune inverter application, yatichasuma pano.
Imwe mhinduro yekudzikisa harmonics ndeye kushandisa inverter ine 12-pulse rectifier.Zvisinei, iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa chete kana transformer yatoiswa;kune akawanda inverters akabatana kune imwechete DC link;kana kana kuiswa kutsva kuchida transformer yakatsaurirwa kune inverter.Mukuwedzera, mhinduro iyi inokodzera simba rinowanzopfuura 500 kilowatts (kW).
Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa 6-pulse inoshanda ikozvino (AC) drive inverter ine passive sefa pane yekuisa.Iyi nzira inokwanisa kurongedza mazinga akasiyana-siyana emagetsi-harmonic voltages pakati pepakati (MV), yakakwira voltage (HV) uye yakawedzera yakakwira voltage (EHV) - uye inotsigira kuenderana uye kubvisa mhedzisiro yakaipa pamidziyo yevatengi.Kunyangwe iyi iri mhinduro yechinyakare yekudzikisa harmonics, inowedzera kupisa kurasikirwa uye kuderedza simba chinhu.
Izvi zvinotisvitsa kune imwe nzira inodhura yekudzikisa harmonics: shandisa inverter ine 18-pulse rectifier, kana kunyanya DC-AC drive inofambiswa neDC link kuburikidza ne18-pulse rectifier uye phase-shifting transformer.Iyo pulse rectifier ndiyo mhinduro imwechete ingave 12-pulse kana 18-pulse.Kunyangwe iyi iri mhinduro yechinyakare yekudzikisa harmonics, nekuda kwekudhura kwayo, inowanzo shandiswa chete kana transformer yaiswa kana yakakosha transformer ye inverter inodiwa pakuiswa patsva.Simba rinowanzopfuura 500 kW.
Dzimwe nzira dzekudzvinyirira dzeharmonic dzinowedzera kurasikirwa kwekupisa uye kuderedza simba chinhu, nepo dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa.Mhinduro yakanaka yatinokurudzira ndeye kushandisa WEG inoshanda mafirita ane 6-pulse AC madhiraivha.Iyi ndiyo yakanakisa mhinduro yekubvisa harmonics inogadzirwa neakasiyana maturusi
Chekupedzisira, kana simba richigona kuvandudzwa kune grid, kana akawanda motors achifambiswa neamwechete DC link, imwe mhinduro inoyevedza.Kureva kuti, inoshingaira kumberi kwekupedzisira (AFE) regenerative drive uye LCL sefa inoshandiswa.Muchiitiko ichi, mutyairi ane inogadzirisa inogadzirisa pane inopinza uye inopindirana nemiganhu inokurudzirwa.
Kune inverters isina DC chinongedzo-senge WEG's own CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 uye MW500 inverters-kiyi yekudzikisa harmonics ndeye network reactance.Izvi hazvisi kungogadzirisa dambudziko reharonic, asi rinogadzirisawo dambudziko resimba rinochengetwa muchikamu chekushanda che inverter uye kusashanda.Nerubatsiro rwe network reactance, yakakwira-frequency single-phase inverter yakatakurwa neresonant network inogona kushandiswa kuona inodzoreka kuita.Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti simba rakachengetwa mune reactance element rakaderera uye kukanganiswa kwe harmonic kwakaderera.
Kune dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekubata neharmonics.Imwe ndeyekuwedzera huwandu hwemitsetse mitoro maererano nemitoro isiri-mutsara.Imwe nzira ndeyekuparadzanisa masisitimu emagetsi ekutakura mitsetse uye isina-mutsara kuitira kuti pave nemagetsi akasiyana THD miganhu pakati pe5% ne10%.Iyi nzira inoenderana nezvataurwa pamusoro peinjiniya kurudziro (EREC) G5 uye EREC G97, iyo inoshandiswa kuongorora harmonic voltage kukanganisa kwezvisina mutsara uye resonant zvirimwa nemidziyo.
Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa rectifier ine nhamba yakakura yepulses uye kuidyisa mu transformer ine akawanda echipiri matanho.Multi-winding transformers ine akawanda epuraimari kana echipiri mamhepo anogona kubatanidzwa kune imwe neimwe mhando yekumisikidzwa kuti ipe iyo inodiwa yekubuda voltage level kana kutyaira akawanda mitoro pane inobuda, nekudaro ichipa mamwe sarudzo mukugovera kwemagetsi Uye kuchinjika system.
Pakupedzisira, kune regenerative drive operation yeAFE yataurwa pamusoro apa.Basic AC madhiraivha haagone kudzoreredzwa, zvinoreva kuti haakwanise kudzosera simba kune sosi yemagetsi-izvi hazvina kukwana, nekuti mune mamwe maapplication, kudzoreredza simba rakadzoserwa chinhu chaicho chinodiwa.Kana iyo regenerative simba ichida kudzoserwa kune AC simba sosi, iri ibasa re regenerative drive.Rectifiers akareruka anotsiviwa neAFE inverters, uye simba rinogona kudzoserwa nenzira iyi.
Idzi nzira dzinopa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurwisa harmonics uye akakodzera marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi ekugovera masimba.Asi ivo vanogona zvakare kuchengetedza simba uye mutengo wakanyanya mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana uye kutevedzera mwero wepasirese.Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti chero bedzi iyo chaiyo inverter tekinoroji ichishandiswa, iyo isiri-mutsara dambudziko haizove yakaoma kugadzirisa.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
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